Just a couple of thoughts......most VHF antennas are a sleeve dipole type......put an ohm meter across the center pin and ground of the antenna.....it should be open, not showing a short.
If u read a short it still may not be the antenna......could be just the coax or connectors that's shorted......do you have a connector on both ends of the coax?
Antenna connectors are PL259 type, some are solder, some are crimped....if the connector was removed when installing the antenna to route the coax, the solder on types are more difficult to install and replace....gently hold the coax and try and twist the connector body, if it rotates freely, good chance the connector installation has failed.
See if the radio receives.......remove the existing antenna, using just about any kind of wire......carefully insert(don't force anything) into the center female portion of the radios antenna connector. Give a listen on several channels......if the receive part of the radio is OK, you should here communications....DO NOT TRANSMIT WITH THIS TYPE OF HOMEMADE ANTENNA.......
Most newer vhf radio transmitters will shut down if they see a bad load (antenna)......safety feature to protect the xmtr.
My guess would be it's the connectors or coax........the only way to test the transmitter is with a 50 ohm dummy load and swr meter......kind of what Dale is suggesting.....or as Dale has also suggested, borrow an antenna and give it a try.
Do you have any Ham Radio or CB Radio friends, they would more than likely have these tools.....
Hope this helps a little!
Steve